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Head of Harvard Nutrition Unit Says No to Chocolate Milk

January 13th, 2011 · 6 Comments · Posted in kids

Too much sugar in school food?

The dairy industry would like to see Americans everywhere lift a glass for chocolate milk—and pour one for their kids while they’re at it. Dr. Walter Willett, chairman of the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, sees that as a recipe for a health disaster.

Willett says the nation’s schools should not be serving sugary chocolate milk to children, adding that too many refined, starchy foods in the federally-subsidized school meals program pose a risk of obesity and other weight-related illness.

“These highly sugared milks make absolutely no sense whatsoever,” Willet said in an interview. “The use of sugar as an important part of the diet makes absolutely no sense nutritionally, especially when obesity is the number one health problem facing our nation.”

Willett and Harvard colleagues recently went public with findings exonerating fat and blaming sugar and too many starchy carbohydrates–such as those found in bread, pasta and potatoes–for many of the nation’s health problems, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.

“People are getting 50 percent of their calories from carbs, and 80 percent of those calories are from refined starch and sugar,” Willett said. “Kids in school are getting the full brunt of that diet.”

Willett, who had not spoken out publicly on the school food issue previously, thus adds Harvard’s prestige to a growing chorus of critics questioning the routine use of flavored milks and other sugary products in school meals.

Meanwhile, an Emory University study described as the first of its kind finds that children who eat lots of sugar are at greater risk for heart disease. Released this week, the study found that sugar accounted for more than 21 percent of the calories in the diets of average teenagers, resulting in lowered levels of “good cholesterol” (HDL) and elevated levels of fat in the blood (triglycerides), both key markers of heart disease.

In examining dietary survey results compiled by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control from 2,157 teenagers across the country, the study found that some teens got an astonishing 30 percent of their calories from sugar. Overweight children with the highest level of sugar consumption also showed increased signs of insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes.

Most of that sugar is believed to come from sodas and other sugary beverages. Sugar, while delivering calories, has no nutritional value, and some have called it an “anti-nutrient” because of the health problems it can cause. Yet it has become a regular stand-in for real food in school meals because it delivers lots of calories at little cost.

Greg Miller, a nutritionist and executive vice-president of research , regulatory and scientific affairs at the National Dairy Council, defended flavored milk in school meals, saying he routinely feeds his own children chocolate milk because of the many nutrients it contains—calcium, vitamin D, potassium, phosphorous, riboflavin, to name a few—and because his children won’t drink plain milk.

Miller said studies indicate that kids offered chocolate and other milk products with added sugar get equally good nutrition as drinkers of plain milk and do not show signs of being any heavier. “Certainly we want to be concerned about sugar,” Miller said. “But I look at other places to cut sugar—less nutrient-dense foods, like cookies.”

The National Dairy Council vigorously promotes flavored milk in school through the industry’s “Raise Your Hand for Chocolate Milk!” campaign. Miller noted that companies such as milk giant Dean Foods are looking for ways to reduce the sugar content of flavored milk. “We want to be a responsible industry,” he said.

Likewise, the School Nutrition Association, which is partially funded by the dairy industry, and where  dairy interests have a seat on an “industry advisory committee,” also continues to promote flavored milk in schools despite its sugar content.   

The SNA represents some 50,000 of the country’s school food service workers, giving it broad influence over the kinds of foods served in school cafeterias.

SNA spokeswoman Diane Pratt-Heavner pointed to proposed nutrition guidelines for school meals, published  in October 2009 by the Institute of Medicine, that set no limit for sugar in school meals and make specific allowances  for including sugary flavored milk on cafeteria menus.

Saying they were  “concerned that eliminating all flavored milk would result in a substantial decrease in milk intake,” committee members cited a 2008 study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association that found that children who prefer flavored milk drink just as much milk as kids who prefer plain, and get just as much nutrition without adverse weight gain.

That study was funded by dairy interests and written by nutritionists with longstanding ties to the industry.

The IOM committee also said it expected that reducing calorie requirements for school meals, increasing the amount of fat permitted, and requiring bigger portions of vegetables and whole grains would tend to squeeze sugar-laden foods such as desserts off school menus.

The recommendations, written at the behest of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, have not yet been formally adopted, but are expected to be released today for public comment.

The USDA requires that schools offer milk with breakfast and lunch. Kids overwhelmingly prefer chocolate milk over plain. Estimates indicate that between 60 and 70 percent of the milk consumed in the school meals program is flavored.

 Many children start their day with a government-sponsored breakfast consisting of  strawberry-flavored milk containing nearly as much sugar as Mountain Dew, ounce-for-ounce, poured over a bowl of Apple Jacks or other sugar-enhanced   cereal. Until recently, kids as young as five here in the District of Columbia routinely were being served the equivalent of 15 teaspoons of sugar before classes even started, and experts say that’s not at all uncommon in school districts around the country. Some are even worse.

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  • Ken Leebow

    Whether it’s far or carbs, still misses the point. I don’t believe that it’s any surprise that candy, soda, and other junk food consumption leads to an unhealthy lifestyle.

    However, to blame foods like potatoes and pasta will lead us down the wrong road.

    If people want to stay out of the “circle of disease”, simply stated, I recommend:

    omit this:
    Fast Food
    Junk Food
    Candy
    Soda
    Highly Processed Food

    add this:
    Exercise

    If a little effort is made, it’s not difficult to identify incredible foods that replace the above.

    Ken Leebow
    http://www.HighSatiety.net

  • Nancy@acommunaltable

    In a perfect world, children would drink plain milk. Unfortunately, we don’t live in a perfect world and many of the children who qualify for the federal lunch program weren’t brought up to drink plain milk. So the question isn’t whether regular milk is better than chocolate milk but rather is it better for children to drink chocolate milk or not to drink any milk at all?
    In Dr. Willett’s paper, he makes a very good point that there are other good sources of calcium such as leafy greens which also offer other health benefits. The problem of course is getting the children to eat them. From my own experience in working with children who qualify for the federal lunch program, no matter how well the greens were prepared the children would not eat them because, well, they were “green”!!!
    Since calcium is an important mineral in a child’s diet, chocolate milk can play a role as long as other sugars are kept to a minimum. One way to do that is to offer children choices – they can choose chocolate milk if they wish, but then they cannot have a cookie. If they choose the plain milk (and drink it!) they may have a cookie. Giving children some control over what they eat is key to developing better eating habits. No matter how many wonderful and nutrition foods we put into the federal lunch program, they won’t do any good unless the children eat them.

  • Ed Bruske

    Those are points often made, Nancy. I think Dr. Willett–Marion Nestle as well–the arranging diets around nutrients is not the most productive approach, that milk is not an essential nutrient, and that children are not showing any signs of bone fracture or other impairment that might result from not getting enough calcium and vitamin D. But they are showing plenty of signs of getting too much sugar.

  • Christina

    The focus should be on nutrition, and not really at all on calories. Schools, as well as parents, should be serving their children organic, all-natural “whole” foods, which include whole milk, plain or chocolate. Outdoor play, as well as outdoor activities, such as hiking, biking, skating, gardening, etc. should be encouraged. And, schools can only do so much; parents also need to become informed and take action when it comes to their child’s well-being. Just for precaution, every child should be taking a daily multivitamin, for it is impossible for even the healthiest eater to get an adequate daily amount of all the nutrients nowadays (with the prevalence of processing).

  • Marilyn

    Ed – did you see that your article is the first link on the NY Times Diners Journal (What We’re Reading). The graphic for the entire column is a pint of milk. Congrats!!!

  • Ed Bruske

    Had not seen that. Thanks for the tip, Marilyn.